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INDUSTRIAL PROFILE <HEADLINE> China iron and steel industry in dilemmawith high growth production but low efficiency <BYLINE> Bo Ya <TEXT> China's iron and steel production made rapid growth in the first half of this year, but the market demand weakened, and social stock increased, according to statistics released by the China Iron and Steel Association (CISA). The industry is still in efficiency slump. China turned out 323.172 million tons of crude steel in the first half, up 21.09% year on year, averaging 1.7855 million tons a day, up 14.77% from the daily output of last year. Based on the first half year figures, the country's total crude steel output is estimated to reach 650 million tons, demonstrating a high growth. At the same time, the apparent consumption of crude steel in China reached 307.2045 million tons in January-June, up 14.53% year on year. Due to slowdown of fixed asset investment, especially less numbers of newly started construction projects, the monthly apparent consumption of crude steel in January increased 27.41%, which slowed down in the following months to -1.14% in June. The role of demand growth to pull up production has weakened. From January to June, China's export of steel products reached 23.5797 million tons, and export of steel billet, 116,100 tons, together equivalent to 25.2009 million tons of crude steel, surging 153.27% year on year; and the import of steel products was 8.4369 million tons, and that of steel billet, 258,000 tons, equivalent to 9.2334 million tons, down 18.29% on year. For prices, the average CIF price of imported steel products stood at US$1,181.0 per ton in the first half, up 3.72% on year; and the average FOB price of exported steel products was US$792.21 per ton, down 27.35%. China's domestic steel product prices were in fluctuation and correction stage in the first half of this year. The prices had kept on climbing month on month in the beginning of the year to reach the highest point on April 23, with the comprehensive price index reaching 126.4 points, up 18.8% over the beginning of the year. The prices of long-length materials hiked 21.03%, and that of plate up 16.74%. Later, the prices turned from rising to downward turn, and the decline has sped up, with comprehensive price index dropping 110.61 points on July 16, down 15.79 points from the highest on April 23, down 12.49%, of which the long-length materials went down 13.7%, and the plate down 12.57%. After three-month-long price decline, the steel product prices has made rebound, but the market prices of some steel products are still lower than production costs. The prices are still operating at a low level. China's 77 large and medium-size steelmakers realized RMB1,460.392 billion in sales revenue in the first half, rising 46.06% year on year, RMB88.103 billion of profits and taxes, surging 130.01%; and RMB50.718 billion of profits, rising RMB48.436 billion on year. At the same time, the sales/profit rate of large and medium-size steel companies stood at only 3.47%, lower than the average profitability of China's whole industrial sector, indicating the steel industry was still in low level of efficiency. From January to June, the comprehensive energy consumption of large and medium-size iron and steel companies covered by the statistics of CISA dropped 2.15% year on year per ton of steel, and that of new water consumption dipped 9.06% per ton steel, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) in discharged wastewater declined 4.09%, the sulfur dioxide in waste gas discharge down 5.02%; and smoke and dust discharge down 3.97%. Thanks to the hefty increases of iron and steel output in the first half, the industrial dust discharge increased 0.22% year on year. CISA held there exit three major contradictions and problems in China's iron and steel industry at the present time. First is the oversupply, indicating the country's aggregate iron and steel production will slow down in the second half. Second is the speeding up efforts in energy efficiency and emission reduction, and the iron and steel product exports will also drop. Third is that steelmakers are facing double pressure from cost rises and product price decline. The situation is severe. |
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<欄目> 行業分析 <標題> 中國鋼鐵行業處於生產高速增 長效益低迷的兩難困境 <記者> 博雅 <正文>
中國鋼鐵工業協會的數據顯
示，上半年中國鋼鐵生產高速增長，但需求拉動作用明顯減弱，社會庫存增加，行業仍然處於低效益狀態。
今年上半年中國生產粗鋼32,317.2萬噸，同比增長21.09%，平均日產178.55萬噸，比去年全年平均日產增長14.77%，相當於年產粗鋼 6.5億噸的水平，呈高增長的態勢。 同時，上半年中國國內市場粗鋼表觀消費量30,720.45萬噸，同比增長14.53%。由於全社會固定資產投資增幅回落，特別是新開項目增幅回落，在1 月份市場粗鋼表觀消費量同比增長27.41%後，增幅逐月下降，6月降至-1.14%，需求增長對生產增長的拉動作用明顯減弱。 上半年中國出口鋼材2,357.97萬噸、鋼坯11.61萬噸，折合粗鋼出口2,520.09萬噸，同比大幅增長153.27%；進口鋼材843.69萬 噸、鋼坯25.8萬噸，折合粗鋼進口923.34萬噸，同比下降18.29%。 從價格看，上半年進口鋼材平均到岸價1,181.0美元/噸，同比增長3.72%，出口鋼材平均離岸價792.21美元/噸，下降27.35%。 上半年國內市場鋼材價格處於波動調整狀態，年初以來價格逐月上升，到4月23日達到最高點，綜合價格指數126.4點，比年初上漲18.8%，其中長材上 漲21.03%，板材上漲16.74%；此後價格由升轉降，而且降價的態勢不斷發展，到7月16日鋼材綜合價格指數降至110.61點，比4月23日高點 下降15.79點，降幅12.49%，其中長材下降13.7%，板材下降12.57%。在3個月鋼材價格下跌之後，特別是部分鋼材的市場價格已低於企業生 產成本，近期鋼材價格又有所反彈，但仍處於價格低位波動運行狀態。 上半年納入統計的77戶大中型鋼鐵企業實現銷售收入14,603.92億元（人民幣，下同），同比增長46.06%；實現利稅881.03億元，增長 130.01%；實現利潤507.18億元，同比大幅增加了484.36億元。同時，大中型鋼鐵企業銷售利潤率只有3.47%，低於中國工業行業的平均盈 利水平，全行業仍處於低效益的狀態。 今年上半年納入鋼協統計的大中型鋼鐵企業噸鋼綜合能耗同比下降2.15%，噸鋼耗新水量同比下降9.06%，外排廢水中的化學耗氧量同比下降4.09%， 外排廢氣中的二氧化硫總量同比下降5.02%，煙塵外排總量同比下降3.97%。但由於鋼鐵生產總量大幅增長，工業粉塵外排總量同比上升0.22%。 中國鋼鐵工業協會認為，當前中國鋼鐵行業運行中存在三個突出的矛盾和問題：一是解決供大於求的矛盾，下半年鋼鐵生產總量將有所下降；二是加大節能減排力 度，下半年鋼鐵產品出口總量將有所回落；三是企業面臨成本上升、價格下降雙重壓力，形勢嚴峻。 |