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INDUSTRIAL PROFILE <HEADLINE> Provision coverage ratio of Chinese commercial banks increases <BYLINE> Liu Hui <TEXT> Statistics of China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) show that by the end of June, the provision coverage ratio of Chinese commercial banks reached 186%, up 7.8 percentage points month on month and 51.7 percentage points year on year. Statistics show that by the end of June, the outstanding provision for assets impairment of financial institutions of China's banking industry was RMB1.3 trillion, a month-on-month increase of RMB49.9 billion and an increase of RMB121 billion from the end of 2009. Of this, the outstanding provision for loans losses was RMB1.17 trillion, an increase of RMB48.8 billion and RMB124.5 billion, respectively. The provision coverage ratio of financial institutions of banking industry was 88.5%, up 4.5 percentage points month on month and 24.3 percentage points year on year. Provisional coverage ratio is a percentage of the outstanding provision for loans losses over outstanding bad loans. Its meaning is that whether the provision drawn by banks for assets depreciation can effectively offset the foreseeable losses of credit assets; it mainly reflects the ability of commercial banks of making up for loans losses and the ability of guarding against loans risks. Within China's financial system where indirect financing dominates, loans are the largest assets of commercial banks. Statistics show that by September 2009, total assets of China's major commercial banks were RMB55 trillion; and total loans, RMB29 trillion, and the ratio was 52.35%. Therefore, the credit risks of which loans-type assets are in face are the most important risks China needs to discriminate, measure, supervise and monitor. Amid the relaxed policy environment in 2009, the new RMB loans of China's banking industry reached RMB9.59 trillion, up 31.74% year on year. Such huge amount of credit release buries credit risks. CBRC used to state for several times that China needs to keep high alert against the risks of quality of credit assets buried under high-speed credit growth, and China has raised the provisional coverage ratio from 100% to 130% in 2009. The "CBRC 2009 Annual Report" published by CBRC before shows that by the end of 2009, the outstanding provision for assets impairment of Chinese commercial banks was RMB868.3 billion, an increase of RMB94.7 billion from early 2009; and the provision coverage ratio was 155%, up 38.6 percentage points, the banks' ability of risk offsetting has improved further. However, there are still the hidden risks of bad loans pressure, real estate loans, loans in key sectors, case prevention and control, assets off-balance sheet, and import risk and fluidity risk. In order to further control the risks of commercial banks, CBRC has raised the provision coverage ratio of commercial banks to 150% in 2010. Statistics show the provision coverage ratio of Chinese commercial banks reached 170.2% by the end of the first quarter; the capital adequacy ratio stood above 8%; and the total assets of financial institutions reached RMB85.09 trillion. The provision coverage ratio of commercial banks even reached 186% in the second quarter. Nevertheless, as credit release of Chinese commercial banks increases, the indicator of provision coverage ratio has increasingly shown its restrictions in risk measurement and supervision. For example, the provision coverage ratio itself cannot accurately reflect the quality of banks' loans and the provision coverage of losses, and thus has to certain extent overestimated the ability of banks in resisting credit risks. As a supervision indicator, the provision coverage ratio lacks an unified standards. Moreover, provision coverage ratio is a static indictor, and cannot allow for the risks in the future. As a supervision indicator, provision coverage ratio has indirectly expanded the room for earnings management of commercial banks. Under specific circumstances, banks may be inclined to reduce the denominator to increase the provision coverage level. Therefore, the provision system of commercial banks is yet to be improved further. |
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<欄目> 行業分析 <標題> 中國商業銀行撥備覆蓋率提高 <記者> 劉慧 <正文>
中國銀監會數據顯示，截至6
月末，中國商業銀行撥備覆蓋率達到186%，環比上升7.8個百分點，同比上升51.7個百分點。
數據顯示，截至6月末，中國銀行業金融機構各類資產減值準備金餘額1.30萬億元（人民幣，下同），環比增加499億元，比上年末增加1,210億元；其 中貸款損失減值準備金餘額1.17萬億元，環比增加488億元，比上年末增加1,245億元。銀行業金融機構撥備覆蓋率為88.5%，環比上升4.5個百 分點，同比上升24.3個百分點。 撥備覆蓋率是指貸款損失蹤減值預備金餘額對不良貸款餘額的百分比，其一般含義是銀行計提的減值準備是否可以有效抵補信貸資產可預見的損失，主要反映商業銀 行對貸款損失的彌補能力和對貸款風險的防範能力。在中國以間接融資為主的金融體系裏，貸款是商業銀行最大的資產。資料顯示，截至去年9月，中國主要商業銀 行的總資產為55萬億元，貸款為29萬億元，佔比達到52.35%。因此，貸款類資產面臨的信用風險是商業銀行需要識別、計量、監測和控制的最為重要的風 險。 去年在反危機的寬鬆政策環境下,中國銀行業全年新增人民幣貸款9.59萬億元,增速高達31.74%。數額龐大的信貸投放隱藏著的信貸風險，中國銀監會曾 多次表示，需要對信貸高速增長情況下隱藏的信貸資產質量風險保持高度警惕，把2009年度的撥備籠蓋率從100%提高到130%。 此前中國銀監會披露的《中國銀行業監督管理委員會2009年報》顯示，截至2009年底，中國商業銀行各項資產減值準備金餘額8,683億元，比年初增加 947億元；撥備覆蓋率155%，比年初提高38.6個百分點，風險抵補能力進一步提高。但是，仍然存在不良貸款雙控壓力、房地產貸款、重點領域貸款、案 件防控、資產表外化、輸入性風險、流動性風險等風險隱患。 為了進一步控制商業銀行風險，今年中國銀監會把商業銀行的撥備覆蓋率提高到150%。數據顯示，1季度末中國商業銀行的撥備覆蓋率已經達到為170.2， 成本充沛率均達到8%以上，金融機構總資產已達85.09萬億元。2季度商業銀行撥備覆蓋率更是達到為186%。 但是，隨著中國商業銀行信貸投放增長，撥備覆蓋率指標也越來越顯示出其在風險衡量和監管中的局限性。如撥備覆蓋率指標本身無法準確反映銀行貸款的質量和撥 備對損失的覆蓋情況，在某種程度上高估了銀行對信用風險的抵禦能力。作為監管指標，撥備覆蓋率指標缺乏一致認可的標準，而且，撥備覆蓋率指標屬於靜態指 標，無法前瞻性地考慮未來的風險。撥備覆蓋率作為監管指標，間接擴大了商業銀行盈餘管理的空間，在特殊情況下，銀行可能傾向於以減少分母的方式提高撥備覆 蓋率水平。 因此，商業銀行的撥備制度還有待完善。 |